Sunday, February 28, 2016

Advertisement techniques

Loaded Words

Words with strong associations like "family," "home," "dishonest" and "wasteful".


Transference

Attempts to make the audience associate positive words, images and ideas with a product and its users.




Name Calling

Comparing one product to another and saying it is weaker or inferior in quality or taste.



Testimonial

A product endorsed by a celebrity or by an expert


Bandwagon

The advertiser tries to make you feel like everyone else has the product and if you don't, you will be left out.


Snob Appeal

The opposite of bandwagon, this appeal makes the case that using the product means the consumer is better, smarter, richer and so on...than anyone else.


Repetition

This technique repeats the product's catchphrase, name or logo over and over so that it "sticks" in the consumer's mind.


Flattery

The advertiser appeals to the consumer's vanity by implying that smart, rich, popular people buy the product.




Plain Folks

The advertiser says or implies (either by text or pictures) that "people just like you" use the product. (This could be in the form of a testimonial)




Emotional Appeals

The advertiser appeals to the consumer's fears, joys, sense of nostalgia and so on.




Facts and Figures

The advertiser uses statistics, research or other data to make the product appear to be better than its competitors.




Special Offer

The advertiser offers a discount, coupon, free gift or other enticement to get people to buy a product




Urgency

The advertiser makes you feel like you need the product right away.


Ethos

This persuasive strategy appeals to credibility or character - to show that the company is more honest, reliable or credible so you should buy the product.


Pathos

This persuasive strategy attempts to evoke an emotional response in the consumer.


Logos

This persuasive strategy appeals to logic or reason. Ads using this strategy will often have evidence and statistics.




Persuasive Advertising Strategies


















































































Ethos, 

pathos and logos are advertising strategies/techniques used by advertisers to get consumers to purchase products.

Jargon -  the technical terminology or characteristic idiom of a special activity or group

Volkswagen advert analysis outline

Volkswagen advert- How does this advert appeal to the audience?

INTRODUCTION
- This is a reminder add for the volkswagen beetle



PARAGRAPH 1- use of visual rhetoric
- picture of a car in the distance goes along with the text at the bottom of the page "think small"
- rule of thirds is also applied (car positioned on the left)
- as well as  the car being positioned towards the top of the picture
- the whole advert is black and white

PARAGRAPH 2- use of listing
- use of listing with small print
-lists relatable scenarios which the reader can agree to, meaning that when it narrows down the reader will be more likely to agree to the final point (trading an old VW for a new one)
- the text goes from a very broad point into a small and specific one (this draws the reader in)

PARAGRAPH 3- simple language

PARAHRAPH 4- use of personal pronouns
you, you, your, you -> direct appeal

''Think it over" -> this advert appeals to your rationality (that is how old this advert is) That is the call to action.

*CONCLUSION*

Wednesday, February 24, 2016

Wednesday 24th February 2016

Feedback on Bowling of columbine

When the creator of the film goes from house to house checking whether they lock their doors what language tool is he using?

He states that guns are based upon fear. He compares this to americans' fear of the black men and the fear of killer bees, the fear of razors in the apple(during halloween). Which is xenophobia. The fact that people can play this card is, which logical fallacy?

Medias primary rule is to make money, the easiest way to do that  is to titilate the audience. Hence sell fear or desire, the easiest one out of these two is to sell fear. Good examples of selling fear which is not in the media are urban legends.



Sunday, February 21, 2016

Bowling for Columbine

It was the morning  of April 20th 1999 a typical american morning. I had spotted an account in the paper which stated that if you open an account in the North Country bank, the bank will give you a free gun. By the time I was a teenager I  was so good I got the national riffle association. I grew up in Michigan, a gun lovers paradise, that is a state where everyone loves to go hunting. A place where you can buy bullets at the local barbers shop.
''You don't need gun control, what you need is bullet control. Thats right, I think all bulets should cost 5000 dollars. Cuz if a bullet cost 5000 dollars there would be no more innocent bystanders. People would think before they killed somebody with a bullet that costs 5000 dollars."
Not far from where I grew up is training ground for the Michigan militia. The Michigan militia became known around the world when on April 19th 1995 two guys who lived in Michigan who had attended a militia meetings, Timothy Mcvay and Terry Nichols blew up the federal building in Oklahoma  city. Killing 168 people. The Michigan Militia wanted everyone to know that they were nothing like Mcvay and Nichols. Here people believe its an american tradition, if you are not armed, you are not responsible. Who is going to defend your kids? The Michigan militia say that they  they are here to help and are not the boogie men which they are made to be. They say that they are the kind of guy who somebody would like to have as their neighbour, if they need help. They call themselves concerned citizens.
An example: This is James Nichols (the brother of Terry Nichols) he graduated from high school in the district next to mine (narrator). McVay and the Nichols brothers made practice bombs for the Oklahoma city. Thierry and James were both arrested in connection to the bombing. Officials charged James, who was at the hearing and Terry, who wasn't, with conspiring to possess and make small bombs. Terry Nichols was convicted and received a life sentence. Timothy Mcvay was executed, however the charges were dropped later on. On James' farm the police found blasting caps, dynamite fuse, black powder etc. however he claims that these are just normal firearm things to own and are in no way related to the bombing.
There are two other kids who live in Oscoda in Michigan, across the bay of James Nichols' farm. Eric Herris who would later on go to commit the massacre at the Columbine high school in Colorado.

Thursday, February 11, 2016

Generation Like

We are facing an evolution of social media.
Teenagers spend more and more time on technology which they do not know exactly what it is. Lately we are questioning it, however we might be asking ourselves the wrong questions. We shouldn't be asking ourselves what is the problem with technology but what companies are doing to us through it.

Back in 2001, companies were going out hunting for things that teens liked, to be able to exploit that and sell it. Now however teens are putting everything they like out there for everyone to see. They tell the world what they think is cool, starting with their own online profiles. Kids now may seem more sophisticated compared to ones in 2001, however they have a weakness-> likes. Likes, follows, retweets, views, they are the social currency of todays generation. The more likes you have, the better you feel. You get them and you give them but the number is always there for everyone to see. When a kid likes something online, whether it be a product or a celebrity, it becomes a part of who they are, a part of there identity, which they broadcast to the world. Kids today are what they like.

For example, Ceili Linn likes the hunger games a lot. Her tumblr blog and twitter feed are full of links to the billion dollar franchise. She found a website which hosted contests for all the hunger games fans, which she took part in. This is the movies official website which allows teens to win virtual prizes by posting its content on twitter. Ceili has therefore earned the title as one of the biggest fans in the world. For her this is an accomplishment as for it proves that she is in fact one of the few people that like the hunger games the most. Today's teens,more than any generation before them, can speak directly to the celebrities and artists which they like. They are likely to get a reply and this is what motivates them to share further. Mostly because once a kid likes something and that thing likes her back, other kids notice, so they like her too. Once teens have created an online identity they have an array of tools which they can use to express themselves to anyone interested enough to listen. Another good example of this is Tyler Oakly, who posts regular videos on youtube talking about the things he likes. Like Ceili and her hunger games, Tyler Oakly is obsessed with pop culture.  He's much like Ceili on steroids, and social media lets him share his obsessions with the world. Getting people to listen to you and be 'all about' something which you like is big business.

Major corporations have spent millions trying to get kids to engage with their brands, however now that the way kids consume media has changed companies that want to reach them recognise that they have to change too. The like button, retweet button, the subscribe button, all of these are the biggest transformation which we have had in terms of communicating with consumers in our lifetime. Therefore to not learn how to participate in those channels, is outrageous. Standing on the sideline is not an option. The owner of Oreo, for example, recognises that when kids like something it becomes art of who they are and if they want to do so by liking his companies products, he is happy to oblige.  Take the issue of same sex marriage, if you are in favour of it and want the world to know oreo is there to help. (oreo posted a picture of their cookie with a multicoloured filling  representing same sex marriage and got a million likes). The Facebook Oreo website enabled a simple things such as a cookie to have a perspective on life, and one which people could agree with. A million people liked just that one post in order to say that they agree with that and that it speaks to them. That is profound, those are some big numbers, numbers which a re extremely valuable. Currently there is a huge corporate push to collect as much data as possible. When you hit like or when you create an expression online you are creating data, you are creating a demographic profile of yourself. When friends like someones profile picture, Facebook sees who he interacts with the most. This is data that would be valuable for advertisers. Same goes for when you like a brand, that brand can learn more a bout a potential customer and all her friends as well. When Ceili and her friends retweet things from the film, the movie studio was able to track the response in real time.  When Tyler goes on youtube to search for everything he likes, youtube(owned by google) can track his every move. This is where the currency of like turn into actually currency.

Companies know how to take that data and turn it into money. The people who are handing over the data because they're clicking the like button, they have no idea what the value of that is. So all those selfies you take so that people will like them on instagram they helped that company sell for a billion dollars. Send a tweet and you are automatically helping to raise the value of twitter to around 30 billion. Facebook is valued at around 140 billion dollars. All those numbers aren't based on profits, not yet anyway, they're based on the volume of likes they can generate , and likes don't generate themselves. Which is why companies need kids to stay online. But how do they do that? By giving kids a chance to be a part of the game. Fame by association. You may not be as famous as Taylor Swift, but your photo can be part in her commercial for diet coke. Reach out to any celebrity on social media and it is likely that they might reach back. Tyler Oakly is proof that this works, at least for the skilled liker. is success in this game of likes is reflected in his numbers, he has around 3 million subscribers to the youtube channel which he has created. He has covered Mtv's music awards on twitter, is a frequent guest on a pool culture show on youtube and he now even has quite a few fans of his own. Tyler claims that he is just like one of his fans, but he is not really. Beyond his massive following on youtube, Tyler has over 800,000 follower on Facebook, 1.3 million on instagram and 2 million on twitter. The numbers are rising every day. Tyler is a millionaire in the currency of likes.

However social media is all about sharing. When kids with large audiences work together everyone benefits. Here's how it works, Tyler does a video with Oli White introducing his large audience to Oli's smaller one. Old then goes and does more collars with other you tubers which also have more subscribers than him, that person then goes and does a collar with someone else which has even fewer subscribers. Eg Oli to louise, Louise to Hannah, Hannah to Shane. Shane (with 5 million subscribers) then shows up in a video with liam Horne. Liam isn't trying to be a youtube though, He is a relatively well known musician who is trying to make it big. To do so, he has turned to a new kind of company called The Audience. A talent agency, publisher, promotor and network rolled into 1. What the audience does is that they run the social media on behalf of entertainers and artists and musicians and actors, etc. In order to help them express themselves(the actors and musicians) inside this medium. It used to be that if a kid didn't have good connection they had to rely solely on talent and hard work in order to get to fame, and even that was no guarantee. Today there is another route, to build and leverage a social network. Liam has genuine talent, however that is almost beside the point. Therefore he has to attach himself to other which have mastered the game of likes. From the outside this does sound empowering, a bunch of kids working together to get ahead without having to rely on the usual corporate suspects. However that might not be true though as brands often use these youtube videos to their advantage too, to advertise their products in them and tie them to a person. Everybody seems to be getting what they want, however it is becoming harder and harder to stand out. All those little likes can turn into youtube gold for all these you tubers, also known as corporate sponsorship. However these companies might be giving these kids their products and even money however this means that they are literally making these you tubers into walking billboards. However to get more money and sponsorship these kids are trying to stand out more, (e.g. baby scumbag) as his videos get racier the more likes he gets. Young people want attention and validation, which is not new its just that the possible stage which you can operate on is much bigger. However at the same time the ability to get attention in a place where there is tonnes of information and tonnes of people competing for attention is also harder. When your business depends on the number f page views and add impressions what you really need from people is their attention, because its a way of actual capturing money as well.

Why on earth would someone spend all those hours on a youtube video of them doing something absolutely stupid and insane?
They would get a let of money from doing so, but money isn't the only currency anymore. However when someone recognises you as that kid who did something outrageous suddenly all else doesn't matter, because you know you're famous. Bu how much fame is enough? Does the quest for likes ever end? What happens if you finally go all the way? Not some sensation on the internet but a huge hollywood star? The kind of heights reached by Ian Somerhalder. Ian may be living every kids dreams, though he is still vulnerable to the numbers of likes. But his numbers are a little different to yours. However the content may be Ians but his company is running the show. Now there are companies which chart, follow and group the likes in real time and sell the access to this information to other companies so that they can follow the trends as well. Tracking the interactions between two companies or a company and a person could mean prized endorsements for the companys which sells the access to tis information's clients. So what people do now is (1) they get social media and (2) use it to promote their career so that they can (3) get to the point where they have a social media network which they sell. You become your own media company. Many companies now get other social media users to promote the company for them by making it seem like they're not doing it at all. However achieving that transparency takes a lot of work. It is all about openness because that openness creates what most brands want, which is trust.

The Merchants of cool - documentary


Reptilian Hot
Buttons

MERCHANTS OF COOL (2001)
Teenagers are corporate Americas 150 billion dollar dream. Teens have money and are willing to spend it therefore companies are more than willing to create a product which targets teens. Companies such as MTV, Maddison avenue and dream-makers of hollywood have all done so.They see teens as a continent which they are colonising (e.g. Africa). If companies fail to recognise their needs and wants they will be left behind. However what does this focus on teens do to the culture?

Companies will do whatever they think will work fastest and with the most people, meaning they will drag standards to the teenagers themselves. Corporate America is trying to find out teenager likes, wants, desires or in other words, what they wear, what they eat, how they spend their free time etc. Finding this information (or what's cool) is worth a lot of money. With 32 million teens, this is one of the biggest markets. Besides that, teens nowadays have more money and more say over how they will spend it that ever before, mainly because their parents are wanting to please their kids more an more now.

Teens are now (2001) growing up in a world full of marketing. A single American teen will process around 3000 discrete adverts in a day, or 10 million by the time they're 18. 75% of teens have a television in their room and 33% have their own computer. They spend an average of 2 hours online per day. There is a blizzard of brands, all competing for the same kids, therefore companies study them in depth in order to be able to create a product or service which targets them best. Teens don't operate like the rest of us, they're stubborn and don't respond the the classical marketing messages. However they do respond to 'cool'.  However cool keeps changing, making it hard to map it.  The search of what is cool has its own name -> cool hunting. Many companies don't trust themselves with cool hunting as they feel unable to do so, hence they hire experts to pin point these patter (of cool) early on.  These experts look for kids which are ahead of the pack as they will influence what everyone else does. These kids are called the trans-setters (they are the 20%), they influence the other 80% of the kids. Known cool hunters such as Gordon (founder of LookLook) have put together a team of young insightful people, all former teens themselves. They are culture spies, they penetrate the teen market where corporations aren't welcome. A correspondent is a person who has been trained to find transmitters, the teens which catch on to trends early on. These are the teens which are froward thinkers and look for inspiration past their back yard. The leaders within their own group. These kids are very difficult to find. These correspondents find these kids, get them interested in what they do, interview them and find out about their wants. All of which they post on their website (look-look) and then sell the access code (costing 20,000 per year) to other companies).  These kids are important because they catch on to trends which are still underground and are the first ones to bring it into the market.  The consumer then picks it up, runs with it and then eventually kills it. That is the paradox of cool hunting. It kills what it finds. Something is cool until it is found and over-used. Once it is everywhere, it looses its cool. As soon as marketers discover cool, it stops being cool. As soon as you pick up on these trends and reveal them to corporate america the more you force the founders to move on to something else.  There is no solution to this, its an ever-going process.

This creates a problem to marketers, they are seen as the enemy. Hence they market to kids without seeming to do so. They try to become cool themselves, like sprite did a few years ago. What sprite found out when talking to teens is that they have seen so much advertising that they were on overload. Hence they became very cynical of the traditional approach to advertising. Therefore Sprite issued a campaign where in their adverts they were making fun of advertising themselves. These adverts were implying that the audience (the teens) were smarter than the adverts and appeared to be on their side. However after a while kids grew sceptical and grew against this non marketing, marketing campaign. So sprite moved onto genuine cool. Focussed on hiphop, which became a way to talk to teens and gain access to their world. They weren't selling the product, they were selling the fact that they understood the culture, the lifestyle.  Whereas other companies focus on under the radar marketing. They ask kids to post on blogs and online as just another fan of their company or service. The also ask freshmen to throw parties which they would sponsor and get the kids to hand out their products. These companies helped sprite to find these kids and smuggle their message into their market. Sprite and hiphop thereafter became one and the same, each carrying the other to its audience. Sprite wasn't just associated with hiphop anymore, it was a part of it.

Is it weird to look back and ask whether the thing we called youth culture wasn't just something that was being sold to us but that it was something that came from us. An act of expression rather than consumption. Today (2001) 5 companies are responsible for selling nearly all of the youths culture (these are the true merchants of cool): News corporation, Disney, Viacom, Universal vivendi and Time warner. These large entertainment companies sell 90% of americas music and own almost all of the TV channels. They are looking to take over the teen market and their weaponry is clothing, amusement parks, sports teams etc etc etc. Of these 5, the coolest one is Viacom, and their most prized possession-> MTV. In 2000 it earned 1 billion dollars in profits. Itv, created 20 years ago, with a simple but effective commercial concept. To use record companies commercial music videos as creative programming. Since then the cable marketing channel has grown into a youth marketing empire. Everything on MTV now, is a commercial. This strategy keeps MTV's airwaves filled with cheap and easy content. Eg. sprites hiphop party was broadcasted on MTV.  Sprite rents an arena and pays 50 bucks per kid, to fill it up and look cool whereas the rappers and dancers get a direct plug on MTV's show, for which sprite is a sponsor. MTV gobbles up the cheap programming, promoting the music of the record companies who advertise on their channel.  However while this cross promotional free for all might maximise profits for MTV and Viacom it also violates the first rule of cool; don't let your marketing show. Therefore MTV learned this a few years ago when their rating began to fall. Mtv realised that they would have to change along with kids to remain cool.  They decided to make a better connection with the teens and what they want, in order to create a better MTV. The new itv is learning about what kids want and delivering it to them. MTV started playing the top 10 artists and invited them ver for guest appearances, or in other words handed over what was on their channel to the audience. To ensure Mtv stays strong, they must know where teen culture is moving. Mtv researchers went out to visit kids and their biggest fans in order to study them in the hope of understanding their demographic.  All this research isn't focussing on the kid as a person but as a customer. Miv's corporate revenues depend on being ahead of the curve. Corporations such as itv have to find out what the customer is thinking to be able to give them what they want. Itv doesn't listen to the young so it can make them happier, it listens to the young to figure out how it can pitch what Viacom has to sell. What is happening in the industry now is that there are fewer owners but more an more choices. So the companies have to desperately find ways to keep people, they also don't have a huge time frame to establish an identity. This puts pressure on channels like Mtv, to develop something which the audience will recognise right away and stay there to watch it (instead of changing the channel). When you have a few huge TNC's all loaded with debt, competing madly for brain space, they are going to do and take what they believe works the fastest and with the most people.

Media has now created two characters, one appealing mainly to the boys, called the Mook, and one to the girls , called the midriff. The Mook is arrested in adolescence whereas the Midriff is prematurely adult. He doesn't care what people think of him, and she is consumed by appearances. The midriff is just a collection of the same old sexual cliche's, re-packages as a new female empowerment. Britney Spears is a good example of a midriff. At the VMA's in 2000 she pretty much stripped naked, not only pleasing the boys but delivering a powerful message to the girls-> your body is your best asset. This is the message that matters the most as Britney's fans are mostly teenage girls.

Wednesday, February 10, 2016

Wednesday 10th of February

Media (search engine)

The feedback loop- is when a search engine keeps track of what you do/search/watch and then gives it back to you when you search something. Making it more likely to be something new which you would like to watch.

Feedback loop= information(entertainment)-> search-> information-> information

More and more information on the internet comes in the form of entertainment.  Hence almost all of it comes in the form of advertisement. When searching in google it gives you titles which A- attract attention and the text under it I- develops interest as well as develops Desire (D). Whereas clicking on the link is the call to action (A).

Saying something is common sense- means someone is telling you to think like them

The American president can try to do whatever to convince the audience however it can be hard with the large variety of views. 

There is the Executive- The president( if the executive is in control of the judiciary it is almost never a free country)
The Legislative- The people that make the decision and laws (are elected by the public) e.g. the sennet and the representatives 
The judicial- The supreme court (what makes a country truly free is an independent judiciary) These smart people decide what does not get done (they decide upon the restrictions).


Tuesday, February 9, 2016

Matin Luther King- I have a dream Analysis

How does Martin Luther King inspire his audience with his 'I Have a Dream' speech?

Throughout his speech, Martin Luther King captivates his audience, in order to persuade them, by using a range of literary techniques. I will focus on his use of metaphors, hyperboles and the placement of juxtaposition within I Have a Dream and review the effects they provoke amongst the audience.

Martin Luther King uses hyperbole numerous times within his speech. His use of hyperbole serves to motivate his audience and all of Americas black population to fight for their rights. He includes definite articles and strong, confident statements which serve the same point. “I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low.” This is a good example of a hyperbole as MLK takes the idea that all black and white men living in peace will affect all valleys and hills as well. He applies the positive factors of equality to all other problems one might face. In other words he is stating that civil rights  amongst the coloured population will clear all other complications in life and hence makes the act of equality the more powerful. This amplifies the advantages of acting now and motivates the audience to do so exactly. Besides the hyperbole MLK also uses definite articles  such as “there will”, “must not” and “is not”. These contribute to the hyperbole as they prevent doubt from arising amongst the audience and gives them a single option only, one of success. Which motivates the audience further.

Besides hyperboles Martin Luther King incorporates numerous extremely powerful metaphors which point the audience in a wanted direction, helping them compare aspects of the speech to create a vivid picture in their mind, making the speech more powerful. Upon describing the situation in which the black population is in MLK strategically creates a link back to slavery. “manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.” His use of diction and inclusion of ‘manacles’ and ‘chains’ paints a clear imagine of the torture slaves went through a couple years back. Which only fuels the fury within the minds of the black population and makes it the more likely for them to act upon the problem of freedom. “we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt.” MLK refers to the misjudged decisions taken by the government as a bank of justice. Which is, again, a very powerful metaphor as it portrays the picture of debt owed to the black population and retrieves the fury that tags along with someone owing you.  However with that MLK claims that the bank is not yet empty, which leads his audience to believe something will be given back to them as long as they act upon it, this sparks motivation. 


Lastly I will look at the way Martin Luther King incorporates juxtaposition into his speech in order to attract the audiences attention and evoke their concern. Already at the start of his speech MLK introduces juxtaposition to make sure everyone is present and listening. “joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.”  He uses this juxtaposition when describing the effects of signing the Emancipation Proclamation. The juxtaposition portrays the signing of this agreement as the saviour which brought freedom to all of todays’ population of colour. He does so by comparing it to the horrible days which people of colour spent working as slaves. However with the use of past tense and the fact that everyone that was assembled in front of MLK was there in order of justice, they knew that the Emancipation Proclamation did not do much. As black people were still restricted of many human rights. Therefore this juxtaposition aims to give the audience a heads up as they know that MLK will argue about the lack of change the signing of this agreement gave the black population. Hence this juxtaposition actually leads to the situation of the black population at the time this speech was given, adopting the qualities of the time that black people were still slaves.