Long enough in Jo'burg

TEXT


What is it?  South african political magazine
What does it do? 

How does it do what it does?   (what are the golden nuggets?)

• Rhetoric
• Imagery and other literary devices
• Diction and syntax
• tone and mood (are the golden nuggets in this piece)

Tone is voice. (when someone speaks, thats tone) (e.g. the signs are part of mood too)

Mood is description. ("diamonds fell from the sky")

Why does it do what it does?   persuade? inform? entertain?

Who is the audience?           

Narrative, description, narrative, narrative, responce. 

"diamonds seemed to fall from the sky" -metaphor emphasises the contrast.

RULE NR 1:

 Never go through it in order.

You go through the text and look for the rhetorical devices that are in service of the main idea of the text.

Paper one

William morris Speech

TEXT


What is it?  A speech, talking about the importance of the arts.  He introduces it with a rhetorical questions. He says science is used purely to make money.
What does it do? (what's the big idea?)

How does it do what it does?   (what are the golden nuggets?)

• Rhetoric
• Imagery and other literary devices
• Diction and syntax- speak to the fact that it is a speech. Because the syntax is too long for it to be an essay.  The diction is relatively sophisticated as it speaks to skilled workers. He 
• tone and mood

Why does it do what it does?   persuade? inform? entertain?

Who is the audience?   Speaking to skilled workers seeking to provide themselves with vocational education (hands, physical)
        
Drill sergeant- the army.

He has personifies science. He introduces science to juxtaposes it with the art. 

Paper one

Big brother piece, Analysis

TEXT


What is it?  (what kind of text? how precise can you be?)
Entertaining, Interview, a webpage. 
What kind of webpage? It looks at celebrities, it has a banner. Therefore it indicates that it is a magazine. The banner indicates that this is in fact a magazine. A website for a  magazine.

Because it is a magazine devoted to the private life of celebrities it will speak to the diction and syntax. 
Because it is an unsophisticated text with an unsophisticated audience talking about an unsophisticated topic  it is aimed to entertain.

It is at all not very sophisticated. 

What does it do? (what's the big idea?)
It entertains.
How does it do what it does?   (what are the golden nuggets?)
We can look at syntax and diction because it is very low. 
Are there any rhetorical devices?
-there is repetition!

Why does it do what it does? 
It entertains.
Who is the audience?        




There is no sophisticated diction, so what is driving this text?
- "i like" "I think" "meet"

Audience is totally driving this piece. If someone is saying like and I'm not a crazy fan etc.
It looks like an interview, it is a conversation. 

Oral presentation- Apple

Think Distinctive

Breakdown of the advertisement campaign- think different

"change the world" the official name
The adverts they used for the campaign include people that are well know. Each person on these posters has achieved something extraordinary. Which transfers their characteristics to apple itself.
Each person is connected with an emotion. What emotion?

With most of the pictures the person stares directly into the camera. Forming a connection with the audience and invite them to follow their footsteps.
The quote given also connects with the people that apple used in their posters.
Doesn't it refer to the users of apple rather than the people in the posters?
This is transference because the qualities of these people who are different (e.g. Einstein) are transferred onto the people who buy apples products.
The quote contains simple sentences as well, which makes it easier for a larger audience to understand.

The golden circle.
Developed by businessmen.
Why? How? What?
This is how apple has managed to lead while others just stagnate and bore.
Many companies know what they're doing, How they do it however only few know why.
When apple communicates they explain the 'Why?'
"We believe in challenging the status quo"
What apple does is reverse the order.
Start with the why?, then the How? and lastly the What.
Even in their posters they never feature one of their products at all. They only transfer ideas.
If you start with why they will believe in you and stick with you. Because they believe what you believe.  In their think different campaign what or how they're doing something, they explain why they are.

What the ib is looking for

Always simple syntax and sophisticated diction.
Organisation is key!
Make it easier for the examiner to follow along, show them the key ideas. Make them easy to see, point them out.

In the group presentation which we are doing the literary features include:
-rhetorical devices (visual and linguistic) however focus more on linguistic because the examiner would not understand the visual as much.
With linguistic, focus on propaganda tools. Always look at AIDA because aida speaks to both the linguistics and visual aspects.

When you are looking at a text in the exam, you have to ask yourself what it is doing:
-inform
-persuade
-entertain

Counter ad

Natural, healthy, nourishing. 

Whatever you believe, we provide. With the new 

Dannon "all natural", we present to you the most beneficial

 plain yoghurt one can find. Beneficial for us,because we make 

you believe it's healthy, fat free and of course nutritious. That 

way we keep you coming back for what is in fact, the cheapest

to make, sugar full, almost poisonous yoghurt, created from

our chemical and hormone induced cow milk, all to quench your

 addiction. All of which is, of course, all still legal, so we will take 

advantage of it while it lasts and regret our decisions when we get

 blamed for causing cancer, later. 

Buy our yoghurt, give into the addiction.

Exam question

*Do we have to memorise specific quotes for the exam??*

How have writers used narrative voice and/or characterization to explore a social or intellectual concern in the two works you have studied?

- both major barbara and the outsider make an argument about society.
- Shaw states that the real power lies in the hands of the people who control the money (that is the business owners for example)
- Shaw also states that organisations such as the salvation army are in fact not helping the poor at all. All they are doing is trading prayer for food and hence obtaining the gap between the rich and the poor. 

-Camus on the other hand also introduces an argument about society however he focuses on the ways in which society can be blind sometimes, in the way that we perceive others. 

Whereas Shaw uses characterisation to convey his opinion, Camus uses narrative.

Whereas Shaw 

*INTRODUCTION* ------ 
1.You have to start with a hook (something that grabs the readers attention)
2. Introduce what you are talking about
3. The thesis statement
4. State what the idea is. What is the message?  (move from the generals to the particulars)
5. What is used to transmit the message/idea

6. Link to first body Paragraph (

PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE- 

x proves this point.

He does it by so and so.

"Quote"

What does the quote show/mean. Why is this effective? How does it work towards establishing an argument about society. 

PARAGRAPH 1- Major Barbara.

Shaw states that the only way to help the poor is through commerce rather than organisations such as the salvation army. 

-> CUSINS. Then the way of life lies through the factory of death?

BARBARA. Yes,

PARAGRAPH 2- Shaw claims society and all the power lies in the hands of the people who have the money. Rather than the government.

-> Turning our backs on Bodger and Undershaft is turning our backs on life.

-> Undershaft and Bodger: their hands stretch everywhere: when we feed a starving fellow creature, it is with their bread, because there is no other bread;

PARAGRAOH 3- Camus portrays how closed minded and enclosed (follows the rules even though they're not sure why) society is through viewing it from the perspective of a mentally challenged character. 

PARAGRAPH 4- Establishes an argument of how there are pre engraved values of what society perceives as normal and not (immoral). Howe we are completely devoted to these standards even though we do not realise that these standards are in reality  only beliefs which could always be different or wrong. 

*CONCLUSION*
Major barbara establishes an argument about society through characterisation whereas The outside (Camus) does so through narrative.

How have writers used narrative voice and/or characterisation to explore a social or intellectual concern in the two works you have studied?

INTRODUCTION

Shaws main argument in his play Major Barbara is one of poverty versus wealth. Or rather the exploration of what is the right or the ‘moral’ way to solve poverty.  Clearly the writer stands by using commerce in order to employ people and help them raise their own quality of life. Therefore he establishes a question and argues his point all throughout the discussion that is his play, Major Barbara. He does so through characterisation, mainly of Barbara who has strong beliefs which are throughout the play, manipulated by her father and mostly, Cousins. ”CUSINS. Then the way of life lies through the factory of death? BARBARA. Yes” Her unwillingness and stubborn character that was very much against the idea of wealth and commerce is slowly manipulated until finally she sees how providing people with jobs (whether they are immoral or not) can be and is beneficial for all individuals. Hence when she experiences a change in opinion the play ends as Shaw has proven his point. He closes his whole argument through the evolution of a character and therefore relies heavily on characterisation to make his point. The change of opinion within Barbara is the core to the play and the primary way in how Shaw explores the theme of wealth vs poverty. 

Another primary point Shaw establishes within his play is that in fact all power does not lay in the hands of the government but the hands of the ones which behold the money. With this he relies heavily on characterisation however he establishes this point through Undershaft as well a Barbara. He establishes his point in the midst of act 2 where Undershaft and Bodger agree to buy out the Salvation army.  By doing so shows the real power which they hold and how they can, not only, influence the poor but those who do not want to listen to them as well. Which is Barbara, ultimately  Undershaft forces Barbara to join him by firstly taking her job (with his money) and later on taking her boyfriend as well (as Cousins takes over his business for the sake of money). It is one of the key points that unveils the argument. In other words Barbara represents the government in this case as she is a ‘man of the people’ and a ‘saviour of souls’ who wants best for the population however her power is overthrown by people with money. Ultimately this is how Shaw establishes yet another important argument in the play.

In the contrary, as we have studied L’Etranger (The Outsider) a work by Albert Camus which speaks to the social concerns in society by writing the novella through the perspective of a mentally challenged individual. His focus on narrative has a powerful effect as the reader delves into a completely different style f thought. 

Paper 1

Things to check first:

1. Big ideas

2. Audience

3. Structures (box and image sizes, black and white)

4. Tools

5. Form and Format (e.g. graphic text, format)

Our goal with answering questions like this, is to make the audience happy. They're old, they're tired and they don't want to be doing what they're doing. Therefore you should make it very clear and precise in order to make your audience happy.

What goes into the conclusion?

-The conclusion is a restatement of your main idea/ thesis.

-revisiting the best ideas

-ideas from the explanations of your body paragraphs

Cousins

How is Cousins the third protagonist in the play Major Barbara. How does he reconcile the rational businessman that is Undershaft with the strong spiritual beliefs that are Major Barbara? 

*INTRODUCTION* 

Much like the dedication Barbara provides the Salvation army with and the faith Undershaft has in money and gunpowder, Cousins has towards Barbara herself. Throughout the play the love which Cousins has for Barbara only becomes more evident and can be considered as worship the more the audience learns about it. “You accused me yourself, Lady Brit, of joining the Army to worship Barbara; and so I did.” Through this love, Cousins’ devotion and his ‘worship’ portray the strong spiritual beliefs which are present within Barbara herself. Cousins loves Barbara so much, he was willing to drop professorship and join the salvation army for her sake. He denies the obvious at first, however towards the end of the play, in act 3, he admits to have joined the salvation army solely because of Barbara (as seen in the quote above). He later on even compares her to what was important to him at the start of the play, Dionysos. “Dionysos and all the others are in herself. I adored what was divine in her, and was therefore a true worshipper.” Up until act 3 he tried to conceal the fact that he joined the salvation because of Barbara by stating he was a collector of religions. However he finally admits that all this which he claimed to have been searching for was already within her. Therefore calling himself a “true worshipper” and hence proving he embodies strong spiritual beliefs, even though they are towards Barbara.

Secondly another characteristic which Cousins shares with the two other protagonists of this play, Barbara and Undershaft, is determination. All three characters are stubborn and help unveil the argument of poverty which George Bernard Shaw was aiming to raise. “But the moment I saw Barbara, I wanted her far more than the approval of my conscience.” In this quote Cousins states not only that Barbara means a lot to him but that his own conscience could not be compared to the desire for Barbara. The audience can then assume that the most valuable thing in Cousins’ life is Barbara and hence he will stop at nothing to get her. This is then supported by the following quote. “But whenever I feel that I must have anything, I get it, sooner or later. I feel that way about Barbara.” This characteristic of passion and desire is, as I have mentioned earlier, visible within Barbara’s love for the Salvation army and this is therefore another common characteristic shared between Barbara and Cousins. This helps develop the theme of Wealth vs Poverty as both Barbara and Undershaft are determined to be on one side of it whereas Cousins helps shift that by joining Undershaft. Where the immediate disappointment from Barbara does not stop him, as he is determined to improve himself by joining Undershaft. Which in the long run benefits him as Barbara realises how Undershafts methods of sustaining his workers benefits them more than the methods of the Salvation army.

On the contrary, Cousins also shares some common characteristics with Undershaft. The main one of them is the ability to think and make rational decisions. Much like Undershaft, Cousins does not let his emotions affect his decisions. This is apparent when Cousins decides to take over Undershafts business besides the fact that he makes destructive equipment. “You cannot have power for good without having power for evil too.” Cousins comes to the realisation that no decision can benefit everyone out there and that one can only use reason/ fact to make his or her decision. This quote applies to Undershafts business and how he creates weaponry in order to help the common people fight against the upper class. As well as providing them with money and a job opportunity. However as the quote states Cousins also realises that these cannons do harm to others yet he still picks to join Undershafts' business as he recognises that this is a better way to sustain the poorer classes rather than giving them homes in shelters or in the Salvation army. Hence he proves of his rationality as the emotions and empathy of the people affected by his weaponry do not stop him from joining the business. “I don’t like marriage: I feel intensely afraid of it; and I don’t know what I shall do with Barbara or what she will do with me. But I feel that I and nobody else must marry her.” With his wish to marry Barbara, Cousins also proves his rational way of thinking as he is able to put aside his fear of marriage in order to be with Barbara and make sure that he is the only one.

In conclusion, I believe that Cousins is an immensely important character to this play and may be called a protagonist as with his characteristics which are a combinations of ones present in both Barbara and Undershaft he drives the play and its main arguments forward. He has both strong spiritual beliefs, is determined and has a rational way of thinking. He is therefore the character which allows for disputes between Barbara and Undershaft to take place in order to develop the moral message and  theme of wealth vs poverty in Shaw's play.